中美應(yīng)對氣候危機(jī)聯(lián)合聲明
中國氣候變化事務(wù)特使解振華與美國總統(tǒng)氣候問題特使約翰·克里于2021年4月15—16日在上海舉行會談，討論氣候危機(jī)所涉問題。會談結(jié)束后，雙方發(fā)表聲明如下：
一、中美致力于相互合作并與其他國家一道解決氣候危機(jī)，按其嚴(yán)峻性、緊迫性所要求加以應(yīng)對。這既包括強(qiáng)化各自行動，也包括在聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約和巴黎協(xié)定等多邊進(jìn)程中開展合作。雙方回顧兩國氣候變化領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力與合作，為巴黎協(xié)定的制定、通過、簽署和生效作出歷史性貢獻(xiàn)。
二、走向未來，中美兩國堅持?jǐn)y手并與其他各方一道加強(qiáng)巴黎協(xié)定的實施。雙方回顧巴黎協(xié)定第二條的目的在于將全球平均氣溫上升控制在低于2℃之內(nèi)，并努力限制在1.5℃之內(nèi)。為此，雙方承諾繼續(xù)作出努力，包括在巴黎協(xié)定框架下21世紀(jì)20年代采取提高力度的強(qiáng)化行動，以使上述溫升限制目標(biāo)可以實現(xiàn)，并合作識別和應(yīng)對相關(guān)挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。
三、兩國均期待4月22/23日美國主辦的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人氣候峰會。雙方認(rèn)同峰會的目標(biāo)，即在格拉斯哥聯(lián)合國氣候公約第26次締約方大會前提高包括減緩、適應(yīng)和支持的全球氣候雄心。
四、中美將采取其他近期行動，為解決氣候危機(jī)進(jìn)一步作出貢獻(xiàn)：
(一)兩國都計劃在格拉斯哥聯(lián)合國氣候公約第26次締約方大會之前，制定各自旨在實現(xiàn)碳中和/溫室氣體凈零排放的長期戰(zhàn)略。
(二)兩國計劃采取適當(dāng)行動，盡可能擴(kuò)大國際投融資支持發(fā)展中國家從高碳化石能源向綠色、低碳和可再生能源轉(zhuǎn)型。
(三)雙方將分別執(zhí)行蒙特利爾議定書基加利修正案中所體現(xiàn)的逐步削減氫氟碳化物生產(chǎn)和消費的措施。
五、中美將在聯(lián)合國氣候公約第26次締約方大會前及其后，繼續(xù)討論21世紀(jì)20年代的具體減排行動，旨在使與巴黎協(xié)定相符的溫升限制目標(biāo)可以實現(xiàn)。包括：
(一)工業(yè)和電力領(lǐng)域脫碳的政策、措施與技術(shù)，包括通過循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、儲能和電網(wǎng)可靠性、碳捕集利用和封存、綠色氫能;
(二)增加部署可再生能源;
(三)綠色和氣候韌性農(nóng)業(yè);
(四)節(jié)能建筑;
(五)綠色低碳交通;
(六)關(guān)于甲烷等非二氧化碳溫室氣體排放合作;
(七)關(guān)于國際航空和航海活動排放合作;
(八)其他近期政策和措施，包括減少煤、油、氣排放。
六、雙方將合作推動格拉斯哥聯(lián)合國氣候公約第26次締約方大會成功，該會議旨在完成巴黎協(xié)定實施細(xì)則(如第6條和第13條)，并大幅提高包括減緩、適應(yīng)、支持的全球氣候雄心。雙方還將合作推動在昆明舉行的生物多樣性公約第15次締約方大會取得成功，注意到2020年后全球生物多樣性框架的重要性，包括該框架與氣候減緩和適應(yīng)的關(guān)系。
China-U.S. Joint Statement Addressing the Climate Crisis
China Special Envoy for Climate Change Xie Zhenhua and U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry met in Shanghai on April 15 and 16, 2021, to discuss aspects of the climate crisis. At the conclusion of the discussion, the two Special Envoys released the following:
1.China and the United States are committed to cooperating with each other and with other countries to tackle the climate crisis, which must be addressed with the seriousness and urgency that it demands. This includes both enhancing their respective actions and cooperating in multilateral processes, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. Both countries recall their historic contribution to the development, adoption, signature, and entry into force of the Paris Agreement through their leadership and collaboration.
2.Moving forward, China and the United States are firmly committed to working together and with other Parties to strengthen implementation of the Paris Agreement. The two sides recall the Agreement’s aim in accordance with Article 2 to hold the global average temperature increase to well below 2 degrees C and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 degrees C. In that regard, they are committed to pursuing such efforts, including by taking enhanced climate actions that raise ambition in the 2020s in the context of the Paris Agreement with the aim of keeping the above temperature limit within reach and cooperating to identify and address related challenges and opportunities.
3.Both countries look forward to the US-hosted Leaders Summit on Climate on April 22/23. They share the Summit’s goal of raising global climate ambition on mitigation, adaptation, and support on the road to COP 26 in Glasgow.
4.China and the United States will take other actions in the short term to further contribute to addressing the climate crisis:
a.Both countries intend to develop by COP 26 in Glasgow their respective long-term strategies aimed at carbon neutrality/net zero GHG emissions.
b.Both countries intend to take appropriate actions to maximize international investment and finance in support of the transition from carbon-intensive fossil fuel based energy to green, low-carbon and renewable energy in developing countries.
c.They will each implement the phasedown of hydrofluorocarbon production and consumption reflected in the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
5.China and the United States will continue to discuss, both on the road to COP 26 and beyond, concrete actions in the 2020s to reduce emissions aimed at keeping the Paris Agreement-aligned temperature limit within reach, including:
a.Policies, measures, and technologies to decarbonize industry and power, including through circular economy, energy storage and grid reliability, CCUS, and green hydrogen;
b.Increased deployment of renewable energy;
c.Green and climate resilient agriculture;
d.Energy efficient buildings;
e.Green, low-carbon transportation;
f.Cooperation on addressing emissions of methane and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases;
g.Cooperation on addressing emissions from international civil aviation and maritime activities; and
h.Other near-term policies and measures, including with respect to reducing emissions from coal, oil, and gas.
6.The two sides will cooperate to promote a successful COP 26 in Glasgow, aiming to complete the implementation arrangements for the Paris Agreement (e.g., under Article 6 and Article 13) and to significantly advance global climate ambition on mitigation, adaptation, and support. They will further cooperate to promote a successful COP 15 of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Kunming, noting the importance of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, including its relevance to climate mitigation and adaptation.
